A. Conversation
1. Accept this request with three positive answers. (0.75 point)
Could I have another pizza?
1= Yes, of course.
2= Sure. (Certainly)
3= All right
May I use your car? Sorry. I’m using it right now.
Clean the windows of the room.
1= Will you clean the windows of the room, please?
2= Would you clean the windows of the room, please?
3= Would you mind cleaning the windows of the room?
John and Jack are the teachers.
1= What is their job?
2= What do they do?
3= What are they?
Mary and Susan come from Germany.
1= Where are they from?
2= Where do they come from?
3= What is their nationality?
Tom weighs 62 kilos. (Weight) How much does Tom weigh?
The cellphone costs 630 euros. (Price) How much does the cellphone cost?
Sam is twenty four years old. (Age) How old is Sam?
Kate wears size 37. (Size) What size does Kate wear?
Her car is light brown. (Color) What color is her car?
B. GRAMMAR
Simon’s reading the newspaper. (‘s = is)
Alfred’s got a white car. (‘s = has)
She’d done her homework yesterday. (‘d = had)
I’d like to play football. (‘d = would)
Her birthday is in May.
My flight will be at 7.00 p.m.
The cellphone costs for 300 euros.
His appointment with the dentist will be on Monday.
- human should help the poor people.
An/the Italian man traveled to - France.
Shiraz is a pretty city and one of the most beautiful cities of Iran but it is smaller than Tehran. We have not seen the city and like to travel there by our car. I usually drive slowly so we will reach tonight.
Simple Adjective = pretty
Comparative Adjective = smaller
Superlative Adjective = the most beautiful
Time Adverb = tonight
Place Adverb = there
Manner Adverb = slowly
Frequent Adverb = usually
Negative Adverb = not
Sam bought eighteen or nineteen books from the international book fair last week.
Article = the
Preposition = from
Connective = or
Unfortunately, she eats a few fruits and drinks a little milk.
Martin is a kind teacher. He himself helps the poor students. This school is his. Martin bought it two years ago.
Subjective Pronoun = He
Objective Pronoun = it
Emphatic Pronoun = himself
Possessive Pronoun = his
I and my brothers and sisters have bought a gracious gift for our dear parents.
We have bought it for them.
Tina, my friend, herself cooked the delicious food in her home in the last night.
Tina cooked the delicious food.
The student has studied two books for four hours.
S= The student
V= has studied
O= two books
C= for four hours
NP1= The student
NP2= two books
NP3= four hours
Albert will be able to complete his project before May.
Main Verb = complete
Auxiliary Verb = will
Modal Verb = be able to
Type of Verb= n Transitive o Intransitive
Tense of Verb= o Present o Past n Future o Future in the past
n Simple o Continuous o Perfect o Perfect Continuous
Elizabeth read the newspaper last night.
Elizabeth didn’t read the newspaper last night.
Tom and his friend went to cinema last month.
Did Tom and his friend go to cinema last month?
There are eight eggs and three bottles of milk in the basket.
How many eggs are there in the basket?
How much milk is there in the basket?
The teacher brings individuals to the front of the room. (Who)
Who brings individuals to the front of the room?
The students play a guessing game. (What)
What do the students play? What do the students do?
The class responds correctly. (How)
How does the class respond?
Games are important because they have certain features. (Why)
Why are games important?
Thomas and Albert will travel to France in the next week, won’t they?
Jim has bought Joe’s cars. Joe’s cars have been bought by Jim.
If he is a pilot, he himself must fly by airplane.
If he was a pilot, he himself had to fly by airplane.
The man is my father. You saw the man.
The man whom (that) you saw is my father.
نمادهای خاص | |||
(کلمه کلیدی) Keyword | تلفظ Pronunciation | (نماد) Symbol | کاربرد |
soldier | /ˈsəʊldʒə $ ˈsoʊldʒər/ | $ | این علامت تلفظهای بریتانیایی و آمریکایی را از هم جدا میکند: تلفظ بریتانیایی در سمت چپ و تلفظ آمریکایی در سمت راست این علامت قرار دارد |
accept | /ək'sept/ | /ˈ/ | نشان دهندهی تکیه اولیه در تلفظ است |
information | /ˌɪnfə'meɪʆən/ | /ˌ/ | نشان دهندهی تکیه ثانویه در تلفظ است |
|
| /◂/ | نشان دهندهی تغییر تکیه است |
accident | /ˈæksɪdənt/ /ˈæksədənt/ | /ɪ ə/ | نشان دهندهی آن است که برخی گویشوران /ɪ/ را و برخی دیگر /ə/ را تلفظ میکنند |
soluble | /ˈsɒljʊbəl/ /ˈsɒljəbəl/ | /ʊ ə/ | نشان دهندهی آن است که برخی گویشوران /ʊ/ را و برخی دیگر /ə/ را تلفظ میکنند |
واکههای مرکب Diphthongs | ||
(کلمه کلیدی) Keyword | (نماد) Symbol | توصیف آوای واکهی مرکب |
make | eɪ | صدای مرکب: شروع باe و پایان با ɪ |
lie | aɪ | صدای مرکب: شروع باa و پایان با ɪ |
boy | ɔɪ | صدای مرکب: شروع باɔ و پایان با ɪ |
note (BrE) | əʊ | صدای مرکب: شروع باə و پایان با ʊ |
note (AmE) | oʊ | صدای مرکب: شروع باo و پایان با ʊ |
now | aʊ | صدای مرکب: شروع باa و پایان با ʊ |
Peculiar | iə | صدای مرکب: شروع باi و پایان با ə |
real | ɪə | صدای مرکب: شروع با ɪو پایان با ə |
hair (BrE) | eə | صدای مرکب: شروع باe و پایان با ə |
sure (BrE) | ʊə | صدای مرکب: شروع با ʊ و پایان با ə |
actual | uə | صدای مرکب: شروع با u و پایان با ə |
واکههای کشیده Long Vowels | ||
(کلمه کلیدی) Keyword | (نماد) Symbol | توصیف آوای واکهی کشیده |
sheep | iː | ای» کشیده |
father | ɑː | آ» کشیده |
dog (AmE) | ɒː | صدایی کشیده مابین اُ» و آ» |
four | ɔː | اُ» کشیده |
boot | uː | او» کشیده |
bird | ɜː | صدای شوا» (schwa) کشیده |
واکههای کوتاه Short Vowels | ||
(کلمه کلیدی) Keyword | (نماد) Symbol | توصیف آوای واکهی کوتاه |
cat | æ | اَ» |
bed | e | اِ» کوتاه |
about | ə | شبیه به اِ» کوتاه (ولی لبها گسترده نمیشوند) این صدا شوا» (schwa) نام دارد |
bit | ɪ | صدایی کوتاه مابین ای» و اِ» |
happy | i | ای» کوتاه |
cut | ʌ | آ» کوتاه (ولی لبها کمتر گرد میشوند) |
dog (BrE) | ɒ | صدایی کوتاه مابین اُ» و آ» (لبها کمتر گرد میشوند) |
put | ʊ | او» کوتاه (لبها کمتر گرد میشوند) |
actuality | u | او» کوتاه (لبها بیشتر گرد میشوند) |
همخوانها Consonants | ||
کلمه کلیدی Keyword | نماد Symbol | توصیف آوای همخوان |
pen | p | مانند صدای پ» فارسی در اول کلمهی پدر» |
back | b | مانند صدای ب» فارسی در اول کلمهی بابا» |
ten | t | مانند صدای ت» فارسی در اول کلمهی تک» |
day | d | مانند صدای د» فارسی در اول کلمهی درست» |
key | k | مانند صدای ک» فارسی در اول کلمهی کار» |
get | ɡ | مانند صدای گ» فارسی در اول کلمهی گرم» |
fat | f | مانند صدای ف» فارسی در اول کلمهی فردا» |
view | v | مانند صدای و» فارسی در اول کلمهی ورزش» |
thing | θ | مانند صدای ث» عربی در اول کلمهی ثریا» (نوک زبان بین دندانهای پیشین بالا و پایین قرار میگیرد) |
then | ð | مانند صدای ذ» عربی در اول کلمهی ذره» (نوک زبان بین دندانهای پیشین بالا و پایین قرار میگیرد) |
soon | s | مانند صدای س» فارسی در اول کلمهی سیب» |
zero | z | مانند صدای ز» فارسی در اول کلمهی زیبا» |
ship | ʆ | مانند صدای ش» فارسی در اول کلمهی شیرین» |
pleasure | ʒ | مانند صدای ژ» فارسی در اول کلمهی ژاله» |
hot | h | مانند صدای ه» فارسی در اول کلمهی همه» |
loch | x | مانند صدای خ» فارسی در اول کلمهی خوب» |
cheer | tʆ | مانند صدای چ» فارسی در اول کلمهی چاره» (محل تولید صدای چ» در محل مشترک تولید ت» و ش» است) |
jump | dʒ | مانند صدای ج» فارسی در اول کلمهی جهان» (محل تولید صدای ج» در محل مشترک تولید د» و ژ» است) |
sum | m | مانند صدای م» فارسی در اول کلمهی مادر» |
sun | n | مانند صدای ن» فارسی در اول کلمهی نیک» |
sung | ŋ | مانند صدای ترکیبی ـَنگ» فارسی در آخر کلمهی سنگ» |
wet | w | مانند صدای و» عربی در اول کلمهی واحد» (لبها گرد میشوند) |
let | l | مانند صدای ل» فارسی در اول کلمهی لاله» |
red | r | مانند صدای ر» فارسی در اول کلمهی راستی» |
yet | y | مانند صدای ی» فارسی در اول کلمهی یاری» |
حال ساده | simple present | She does her homework |
حال استمراری | present continuous | She is doing her homework |
حال کامل | present perfect | She has done her homework |
حال کامل استمراری | present perfect continuous | She has been doing her homework |
گذشته ساده | simple past | She did her homework |
گذشته استمراری | past continuous | She was doing her homework |
گذشته کامل | past perfect | She had done her homework |
گذشته کامل استمراری | past perfect continuous | She had been doing her homework |
آینده ساده | simple future | She will do her homework |
آینده استمراری | future continuous | She will be doing her homework |
آینده کامل | future perfect | She will have done her homework |
آینده کامل استمراری | future perfect continuous | She will have been doing her homework |
آینده در گذشته ساده | simple future in the past | She would do her homework |
آینده در گذشته استمراری | future in the past continuous | She would be doing her homework |
آینده در گذشته کامل | future in the past perfect | She would have done her homework |
آینده در گذشته کامل استمراری | future in the past perfect continuous | She would have been doing her homework |
* continuous = progressive
حال ساده | simple present | She (frequent adverbs) does her homework |
(frequent adverbs)
always | همیشه |
often | اغلب |
usually | معمولا |
everyday | هر روز |
sometimes | گاهی اوقات |
occasionally | هر از گاهی، هرچند وقت یکبار |
seldom | به ندرت |
rarely | به ندرت |
never | هرگز ، اصلا |
***
حال ساده | simple present | She does her homework (complement with time noun) |
(complement with time noun): on Mondays, on July, ….
***
حال استمراری | present continuous | She is doing her homework (complement or time adverb) |
(time adverb): now, just now, presently
(complement): at present
***
حال کامل | present perfect | She has done her homework (complement: since , for) |
(complement: since , for)
She has done her homework since yesterday
She has done her homework for four years
***
حال کامل | present perfect | She has done her homework since yesterday |
حال کامل استمراری | present perfect continuous | She has been doing her homework since yesterday |
حال کامل : شروع از زمان گذشته ، ادامه تا زمان حال بدون استمرار
حال کامل استمراری: شروع از زمان گذشته ، ادامه تا زمان حال با استمرار (مکرر و یا بدون وقفه)
گذشته ساده | simple past | She did her homework (complement with time noun or time adverb) |
(time adverb): yesterday
(complement with time noun): in the last + time noun
time noun : week, month (March, … ), season (Spring, … ) , term, semester, year, decade, century, …
***
گذشته استمراری | past continuous | She was doing her homework |
When I left my home, my brother was doing his homework
***
گذشته کامل | past perfect | She had done her homework |
When I left my home, my brother had done his homework
=My brother had done his homework when I left my home
Before I left my home, my brother had done his homework
=My brother had done his homework before I left my home
I left my home after my brother had done his homework
=After my brother had done his homework, I left my home
***
گذشته کامل استمراری | past perfect continuous | She had been doing her homework |
When I left my home, my brother had been doing his homework
=My brother had been doing his homework when I left my home
Before I left my home, my brother had been doing his homework
=My brother had been doing his homework before I left my home
I left my home after my brother had been doing his homework
=After my brother had been doing his homework, I left my home
***
گذشته کامل : شروع از زمان گذشته دور، ادامه تا زمان گذشته نزدیک بدون استمرار
گذشته کامل استمراری: شروع از زمان گذشته دور، ادامه تا زمان گذشته نزدیک با استمرار (مکرر و یا بدون وقفه)
آینده ساده | simple future | She will do her homework (complement with time noun or time adverb) |
(time adverb): tomorrow
(complement with time noun): in the next + time noun
time noun : week, month (March, … ), season (Spring, … ) , term, semester, year, decade, century, …
***
آینده استمراری | future continuous | She will be doing her homework |
***
آینده کامل | future perfect | She will have done her homework by tomorrow |
آینده کامل استمراری | future perfect continuous | She will have been doing her homework by tomorrow |
آینده کامل : شروع از زمان حال ، ادامه تا زمان آینده بدون استمرار
آینده کامل استمراری: شروع از زمان حال ، ادامه تا زمان آینده با استمرار (مکرر و یا بدون وقفه)
آینده در گذشته ساده | simple future in the past | She would do her homework (complement with time noun or time adverb) |
(time adverb): yesterday
(complement with time noun): in the last + time noun
time noun : week, month (March, … ), season (Spring, … ) , term, semester, year, decade, century, …
***
آینده در گذشته استمراری | future in the past continuous | She would be doing her homework |
***
آینده در گذشته کامل | future in the past perfect | She would have done her homework by yesterday |
آینده در گذشته کامل استمراری | future in the past perfect continuous | She would have been doing her homework by yesterday |
آینده در گذشته کامل : شروع از زمان گذشته دور، ادامه تا زمان گذشته نزدیک بدون استمرار
آینده در گذشته کامل استمراری: شروع از زمان گذشته دور، ادامه تا زمان گذشته نزدیک با استمرار (مکرر و یا بدون وقفه)
***
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